Ship ladders serve as compact and efficient stair solutions, commonly used in industrial and commercial spaces where standard staircases are impractical. These ladders allow access to areas with limited space, such as mechanical rooms, rooftops, and lofts. However, for ship ladders to be safe and functional, adhering to specific design guidelines is crucial.
What Is a Ship Ladder?
A ship ladder is a type of stair with a steep incline, often ranging between 50 and 70 degrees, designed for areas with limited floor space. Due to its steep angle, it’s considered a hybrid between a ladder and a staircase. They are commonly used in settings where a compact, vertical access solution is needed.
Ship ladders differ from traditional stairs in both functionality and design, making them a go-to option for places where a full staircase would take up too much room.
What Is the Difference Between Ship Stairs and Ship Ladders?
Ship stairs and ship ladders differ mainly in their steepness, design, and intended use. Ship stairs have a moderate incline of 50 to 70 degrees, featuring wider treads and handrails on both sides for easier navigation, allowing people to ascend them in a more upright posture. In contrast, ship ladders are steeper, typically with a 60 to 75-degree incline, and have narrower rungs or treads.
Due to the steep angle, users must rely on handrails or grab bars for safety. Ship ladders are used in tighter spaces where traditional stairs wouldn’t fit, while ship stairs offer a middle ground between conventional stairs and ladders, balancing space-saving design with ease of use.
Are Ship Ladders OSHA Approved?
Yes, ship ladders are OSHA-approved as long as they meet the specific guidelines laid out by the organization. OSHA’s standards focus on the structural integrity, load capacity, and safety features of the ladder, including the proper installation of handrails and secure steps.
Key Ship Ladder Design Guidelines
When installing or designing a ship ladder, there are several critical factors to consider ensuring safety and code compliance. While the ship ladder dimensions may vary slightly depending on the project’s scope, certain standards are universally recognized.
In the United States, they must comply with OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) and IBC (International Building Code) guidelines. The following are some of the key ship ladder code requirements.
- Angle of Incline
One of the most defining characteristics of a ship ladder is its angle. A ship ladder should have an incline between 50 and 70 degrees. The steep incline allows for space efficiency, but also requires careful attention to safety.
- Tread Depth and Spacing
Treads (the flat part of each step) should have a minimum depth of 9 inches to ensure proper footing. However, the depth may vary based on the specific requirements of the project. The maximum rise between treads (the vertical distance from one step to the next) should not exceed 9 ½ inches. These dimensions are important to ensure that users have enough room to place their feet securely on each step, minimizing the risk of slips and falls.
- Width
The ladder should have a minimum width of 18 inches to ensure a safe and comfortable climb.
- Handrails and Guardrails
Handrails should be included on both sides for enhanced safety. The handrails should be between 30 and 34 inches in height and extend the full length of the ship ladder. Guardrails may also be required, depending on the height and location of the ladder. These are especially important in commercial and industrial settings to comply with local safety regulations.
- Non-Slip Features
Ship ladders often incorporate non-slip treads or coatings to prevent falls, especially in wet or hazardous environments. These features significantly enhance safety for users in both industrial and commercial applications.
- Load Capacity
Ship ladders are typically designed to have a load capacity of at least 1,000 lbs. This ensures that the ladder can safely support the weight of an individual along with any tools or equipment they may carry.
- Materials and Durability
Ship ladders are typically constructed from steel, aluminum, or wood. The choice of material depends on the application and environment. For example, aluminum or steel ship ladders are commonly used in industrial or outdoor settings due to their durability and resistance to corrosion.
- Code Compliance
Ship ladders must meet OSHA or local building code requirements to ensure safety and proper usage. Compliance with these standards helps avoid potential fines and ensures reliable performance.
- Installation Requirements
Proper installation of ship ladders is critical for safety and longevity. This typically involves securing the ladder to stable surfaces and ensuring that all design guidelines are met during setup.
Safety Considerations
Safety is a paramount concern when designing and installing ship ladders. Here are a few additional requirements to enhance safety:
Anti-Slip Treads: Consider installing anti-slip treads, especially if the ladder is in an area prone to moisture or heavy use. These can provide extra grip and reduce the risk of accidents.
Proper Lighting: Ensure that the area is well-lit, particularly in industrial or outdoor settings, to prevent missteps.
Visible Indicators: In business and industrial environments, prominently displaying signs for a ship ladder can aid in making sure that users recognize the sharp slope and take necessary safety measures.
Which is Right for You?
Choosing between ship stairs and ship ladders depends on your specific space constraints, safety needs, and how frequently they will be used. Here’s how to decide which is right for you:
- Space Available: If you have very limited space and need a steep access solution, ship ladders are the better option. They can fit into tighter areas due to their steeper incline. If space allows, ship stairs offer a more comfortable ascent with a less steep incline.
- Frequency of Use: For areas with frequent foot traffic, such as access points in industrial or commercial settings, ship stairs are preferable as they are easier to navigate and safer for regular use. Ship ladders are better for occasional access, such as maintenance areas, where the steepness won’t be an issue for occasional use.
- Safety: Ship stairs provide a safer, more secure option, especially if you need to carry objects while ascending or descending. If safety is a primary concern, especially for multiple users, ship stairs are likely a better fit.
- Installation and Building Codes: Local building codes may also dictate which option is permissible, particularly in commercial or industrial settings. Ship stairs generally meet stricter safety requirements, whereas ship ladders may be allowed only in specific scenarios.
Interested in a Ship Ladder?
Following these design guidelines will ensure that your ship ladder is both efficient and safe for use. No matter what the setting is you’re using one for, adhering to specific dimensions, ensuring code compliance, and installing safety features like handrails and anti-slip treads are essential steps to creating a functional ship ladder.
If you’re considering a ship ladder for your next project, be sure to consult with professionals to ensure that your design meets all safety and code requirements. At Casco & Sons, we specialize in custom stairs and ladders, including ship ladders that meet both OSHA and IBC standards. Contact us today to learn more about our services and to discuss your commercial stair design needs.
